/**
 * Springer Nature Link Comprehensive Stylesheet for OJS 3.5 (JSRE)
 * Replaces default OJS theme with modern Springer Nature Link design system.
 */

:root {
  --sn-navy: #002b49;
  --sn-navy-dark: #001e33;
  --sn-navy-light: #0d3b66;
  --sn-blue: #005a9c;
  --sn-blue-hover: #004477;
  --sn-cyan: #007078;
  --sn-cyan-light: #e6f4f5;
  --sn-accent-gold: #c28b1e;
  --sn-bg-page: #f8fafc;
  --sn-bg-surface: #ffffff;
  --sn-text-dark: #1e293b;
  --sn-text-muted: #64748b;
  --sn-border: #e2e8f0;
  --sn-border-light: #f1f5f9;
  --sn-font-serif: 'EB Garamond', Georgia, serif;
  --sn-font-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  --sn-font-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
  --sn-shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.06), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
  --sn-shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.07), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
  --sn-radius: 6px;
}

/* Global Body Reset */
body.pkp_page_about,
body.pkp_page_issue,
body.pkp_page_article,
body.pkp_page_index,
body {
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  font-family: var(--sn-font-sans) !important;
  font-size: 15px !important;
  line-height: 1.65 !important;
  color: var(--sn-text-dark) !important;
  background-color: var(--sn-bg-page) !important;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

/* Hide Default OJS Clutter */
.pkp_structure_head,
.cmp_skip_to_content,
.pkp_head_wrapper,
.pkp_site_name_wrapper,
#headerNavigationContainer,
.pkp_navigation_user_wrapper,
.cmp_breadcrumbs {
  display: none !important;
}

/* Container */
.sn-container {
  max-width: 1240px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 24px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* 1. Top SpringerLink Meta Bar */
.sn-top-bar {
  background: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  font-size: 13px !important;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.12) !important;
  display: block !important;
  width: 100% !important;
}
.sn-top-bar-inner {
  display: flex !important;
  justify-content: space-between !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  height: 48px !important;
}
.sn-brand {
  display: inline-flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  gap: 8px !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;
}
.sn-brand-logo-img {
  height: 26px !important;
  width: auto !important;
  display: inline-block !important;
  vertical-align: middle !important;
}
.sn-brand-main {
  color: #ffffff !important;
  font-size: 17px !important;
  font-family: var(--sn-font-sans) !important;
}
.sn-brand-link {
  color: #38bdf8 !important;
  font-family: var(--sn-font-serif) !important;
  font-size: 19px !important;
  font-style: italic !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
}
.sn-top-links {
  display: flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  gap: 20px !important;
  list-style: none !important;
  list-style-type: none !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
}
.sn-top-links li {
  list-style: none !important;
  list-style-type: none !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
}
.sn-top-links a {
  color: #cbd5e1 !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  font-size: 13px !important;
  transition: color 0.15s ease !important;
}
.sn-top-links a:hover {
  color: #ffffff !important;
}
.sn-top-login-btn {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.12) !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  padding: 6px 14px !important;
  border-radius: 4px !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.25) !important;
}
.sn-top-login-btn:hover {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
}

/* 2. Academic Breadcrumbs */
.sn-breadcrumbs-bar {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--sn-border) !important;
  padding: 12px 0 !important;
  font-size: 13px !important;
  display: block !important;
}
.sn-breadcrumbs-inner {
  display: flex !important;
  justify-content: space-between !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  color: var(--sn-text-muted) !important;
}
.sn-breadcrumbs-inner a {
  color: var(--sn-blue) !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}
.sn-breadcrumbs-inner a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline !important;
}
.sn-breadcrumbs-publisher {
  font-size: 12px !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;
  text-transform: uppercase !important;
}

/* 3. Springer Journal Hero Header */
.sn-hero-strip {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--sn-navy) 0%, var(--sn-navy-dark) 100%) !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  padding: 36px 0 32px 0 !important;
  border-bottom: 3px solid var(--sn-cyan) !important;
  display: block !important;
}
.sn-hero-strip-inner {
  display: flex !important;
  justify-content: space-between !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  gap: 32px !important;
}
.sn-hero-strip-title {
  font-family: var(--sn-font-serif) !important;
  font-size: 36px !important;
  line-height: 1.2 !important;
  margin: 0 0 8px 0 !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
}
.sn-hero-strip-sub {
  font-size: 15px !important;
  color: #94a3b8 !important;
  margin: 0 0 14px 0 !important;
}
.sn-hero-strip-meta {
  display: flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  gap: 12px !important;
  font-size: 13px !important;
  color: #cbd5e1 !important;
}
.sn-badge-oa {
  display: inline-block !important;
  background: #f59e0b !important;
  color: #0f172a !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  font-size: 11px !important;
  text-transform: uppercase !important;
  padding: 3px 8px !important;
  border-radius: 3px !important;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;
}
.sn-btn-pill-submit {
  display: inline-flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  gap: 8px !important;
  background: #38bdf8 !important;
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  font-size: 14px !important;
  padding: 12px 24px !important;
  border-radius: 9999px !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.35) !important;
  transition: all 0.2s ease !important;
  white-space: nowrap !important;
}
.sn-btn-pill-submit:hover {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  transform: translateY(-2px) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.45) !important;
}

/* 4. Sub-Navigation Tabs */
.sn-subnav {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--sn-border) !important;
  box-shadow: var(--sn-shadow-sm) !important;
  display: block !important;
}
.sn-subnav-list {
  display: flex !important;
  list-style: none !important;
  list-style-type: none !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  gap: 4px !important;
  overflow-x: auto !important;
}
.sn-subnav-list li {
  list-style: none !important;
  list-style-type: none !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
}
.sn-subnav-list li a {
  display: block !important;
  padding: 14px 18px !important;
  color: var(--sn-text-dark) !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  font-size: 14px !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  border-bottom: 3px solid transparent !important;
  transition: all 0.15s ease !important;
  white-space: nowrap !important;
}
.sn-subnav-list li a:hover {
  color: var(--sn-blue) !important;
  background: #f8fafc !important;
}
.sn-subnav-list li a.active {
  color: var(--sn-blue) !important;
  border-bottom-color: var(--sn-blue) !important;
  background: transparent !important;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   5. Rock-Solid Springer Nature Link 2-Column Grid Layout (OJS 3.5 Neutralizer)
   Completely overrides OJS default floats, fixed widths (728px/952px/1160px),
   and pseudo-element vertical border lines (:before/:after at 652px/728px).
   ========================================================================== */

/* Page Outer Wrapper */
.pkp_structure_page,
.sn-ojs-page {
  width: 100% !important;
  min-height: 100vh !important;
  display: flex !important;
  flex-direction: column !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  background-color: var(--sn-bg-page) !important;
  box-sizing: border-box !important;
  position: relative !important;
}

/* Master 2-Column Content Grid */
.pkp_structure_content {
  width: 100% !important;
  max-width: 1240px !important;
  min-width: 0 !important;
  margin: 36px auto !important;
  padding: 0 24px !important;
  display: grid !important;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 340px !important;
  gap: 36px !important;
  align-items: start !important;
  float: none !important;
  clear: both !important;
  position: relative !important;
  box-sizing: border-box !important;
}

/* Neutralize OJS Clearfix Table Pseudo-elements */
.pkp_structure_content:before,
.pkp_structure_content:after,
.pkp_structure_page:before,
.pkp_structure_page:after {
  display: none !important;
  content: none !important;
  width: 0 !important;
  height: 0 !important;
  clear: none !important;
}

/* Left Column: Primary Academic Content */
.pkp_structure_main {
  float: none !important;
  clear: none !important;
  width: 100% !important;
  min-width: 0 !important;
  max-width: 100% !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 40px !important;
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border-radius: var(--sn-radius) !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--sn-border) !important;
  box-shadow: var(--sn-shadow-sm) !important;
  box-sizing: border-box !important;
  position: relative !important;
}

/* Eradicate OJS Default Vertical Divider Lines (:before and :after at 652px/728px/860px) */
.pkp_structure_main:before,
.pkp_structure_main:after {
  display: none !important;
  content: none !important;
  width: 0 !important;
  height: 0 !important;
  border: none !important;
  background: transparent !important;
}

.pkp_structure_main:first-child:last-child {
  float: none !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  width: 100% !important;
}

.pkp_structure_main:first-child:last-child:before,
.pkp_structure_main:first-child:last-child:after {
  display: none !important;
  content: none !important;
}

/* Right Column: Springer Sidebar Area */
.pkp_structure_sidebar {
  float: none !important;
  clear: none !important;
  width: 100% !important;
  max-width: 340px !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  display: flex !important;
  flex-direction: column !important;
  gap: 24px !important;
  box-sizing: border-box !important;
  position: static !important;
}

.pkp_structure_sidebar:before,
.pkp_structure_sidebar:after {
  display: none !important;
  content: none !important;
  width: 0 !important;
  height: 0 !important;
  border: none !important;
}

/* Page Components Inside Main Panel */
.page_submissions,
.page_about,
.page_issue,
.page_article,
.page_index,
.page,
.author_guidelines,
.submission_checklist,
.privacy_statement,
.section_policy {
  float: none !important;
  clear: both !important;
  width: 100% !important;
  max-width: 100% !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  box-sizing: border-box !important;
  position: static !important;
}

/* Responsive Grid on Tablet / Mobile */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .pkp_structure_content {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    gap: 28px !important;
    padding: 0 16px !important;
    margin: 20px auto !important;
  }
  .pkp_structure_main {
    padding: 24px 20px !important;
    width: 100% !important;
  }
  .pkp_structure_sidebar {
    max-width: 100% !important;
    width: 100% !important;
  }
}


/* Typography Inside Main Content */
.pkp_structure_main h1,
.pkp_page_title,
.page_submissions h1 {
  font-family: var(--sn-font-serif) !important;
  font-size: 32px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  margin-top: 0 !important;
  margin-bottom: 24px !important;
  padding-bottom: 12px !important;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sn-border-light) !important;
}
.pkp_structure_main h2,
.page_submissions h2 {
  font-family: var(--sn-font-serif) !important;
  font-size: 24px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  margin-top: 36px !important;
  margin-bottom: 16px !important;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--sn-border-light) !important;
  padding-bottom: 8px !important;
}
.pkp_structure_main h3,
.page_submissions h3 {
  font-size: 18px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  color: var(--sn-text-dark) !important;
  margin-top: 24px !important;
  margin-bottom: 12px !important;
}
.pkp_structure_main p,
.page_submissions p {
  line-height: 1.75 !important;
  margin-bottom: 18px !important;
  color: #334155 !important;
  font-size: 15px !important;
}

/* Submissions / Notification Notice */
.cmp_notification {
  background: #f0fdf4 !important;
  border: 1px solid #bbf7d0 !important;
  border-left: 4px solid #10b981 !important;
  color: #14532d !important;
  padding: 16px 20px !important;
  border-radius: 6px !important;
  margin-bottom: 24px !important;
  font-size: 14px !important;
}
.cmp_notification a {
  color: #047857 !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  text-decoration: underline !important;
}

/* Checklist Items */
.submission_checklist {
  list-style: none !important;
  padding-left: 0 !important;
  margin: 20px 0 !important;
}
.submission_checklist li {
  position: relative !important;
  padding-left: 32px !important;
  margin-bottom: 14px !important;
  line-height: 1.65 !important;
  color: #334155 !important;
}
.submission_checklist li:before {
  content: '✓' !important;
  position: absolute !important;
  left: 0 !important;
  top: 2px !important;
  width: 20px !important;
  height: 20px !important;
  background: var(--sn-cyan-light) !important;
  color: var(--sn-cyan) !important;
  border-radius: 50% !important;
  display: flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  justify-content: center !important;
  font-size: 12px !important;
  font-weight: bold !important;
/* 5b. Overview & Article Content Styling */
.sn-overview-lead {
  font-size: 17px !important;
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  line-height: 1.7 !important;
  margin-bottom: 24px !important;
}
.sn-overview-list {
  padding-left: 20px !important;
  margin-bottom: 30px !important;
}
.sn-overview-list li {
  margin-bottom: 10px !important;
  line-height: 1.6 !important;
}
.sn-editor-box {
  background: #f8fafc !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--sn-border) !important;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--sn-cyan) !important;
  border-radius: 6px !important;
  padding: 24px !important;
  margin: 28px 0 !important;
}
.sn-editor-badge {
  display: inline-block !important;
  font-size: 11px !important;
  text-transform: uppercase !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  color: var(--sn-cyan) !important;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;
  margin-bottom: 6px !important;
}
.sn-editor-name {
  font-size: 20px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  margin: 0 0 6px 0 !important;
}
.sn-editor-desc {
  font-size: 14px !important;
  color: #475569 !important;
  margin-bottom: 12px !important;
}
.sn-editor-link {
  font-size: 14px !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  color: var(--sn-blue) !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}
.sn-editor-link:hover {
  text-decoration: underline !important;
}

.sn-section-block {
  margin-bottom: 40px !important;
}
.sn-section-header-row {
  display: flex !important;
  justify-content: space-between !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sn-border-light) !important;
  padding-bottom: 12px !important;
  margin-bottom: 24px !important;
}
.sn-section-header-row .sn-section-heading {
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  border: none !important;
}
.sn-section-badge {
  font-size: 13px !important;
  color: var(--sn-text-muted) !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
}

.sn-articles-list {
  display: flex !important;
  flex-direction: column !important;
  gap: 20px !important;
  margin-bottom: 24px !important;
}
.sn-article-card {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--sn-border) !important;
  border-radius: 6px !important;
  padding: 24px !important;
  box-shadow: var(--sn-shadow-sm) !important;
  transition: all 0.2s ease !important;
}
.sn-article-card:hover {
  border-color: #cbd5e1 !important;
  box-shadow: var(--sn-shadow-md) !important;
}
.sn-article-type {
  display: inline-block !important;
  font-size: 11px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  text-transform: uppercase !important;
  color: var(--sn-cyan) !important;
  margin-bottom: 8px !important;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;
}
.sn-article-title {
  font-family: var(--sn-font-serif) !important;
  font-size: 21px !important;
  line-height: 1.35 !important;
  margin: 0 0 8px 0 !important;
}
.sn-article-title a {
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}
.sn-article-title a:hover {
  color: var(--sn-blue) !important;
  text-decoration: underline !important;
}
.sn-article-authors {
  font-size: 14px !important;
  color: #475569 !important;
  margin-bottom: 12px !important;
  font-weight: 500 !important;
}
.sn-article-abstract {
  font-size: 14px !important;
  color: #334155 !important;
  line-height: 1.6 !important;
  margin-bottom: 14px !important;
}
.sn-article-meta {
  font-size: 12px !important;
  color: #94a3b8 !important;
}

.sn-view-all-box {
  text-align: center !important;
  margin-top: 16px !important;
}
.sn-btn-view-archive {
  display: inline-block !important;
  background: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  padding: 10px 24px !important;
  border-radius: 6px !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  font-size: 14px !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  transition: background 0.15s ease !important;
}
.sn-btn-view-archive:hover {
  background: var(--sn-blue) !important;
}

/* Metrics Grid */
.sn-metrics-grid {
  display: grid !important;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr) !important;
  gap: 16px !important;
  margin: 20px 0 28px 0 !important;
}
.sn-metric-card {
  background: #f8fafc !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--sn-border) !important;
  border-radius: 6px !important;
  padding: 20px 16px !important;
  text-align: center !important;
}
.sn-metric-num {
  font-family: var(--sn-font-serif) !important;
  font-size: 28px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  margin-bottom: 4px !important;
}
.sn-metric-label {
  font-size: 12px !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  color: var(--sn-text-muted) !important;
  text-transform: uppercase !important;
}

.sn-indexing-row {
  display: flex !important;
  flex-wrap: wrap !important;
  gap: 10px !important;
  margin-top: 16px !important;
}
.sn-index-tag {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--sn-border) !important;
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  padding: 6px 14px !important;
  border-radius: 9999px !important;
  font-size: 12px !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
}

/* 5c. Native OJS Article Summary & Details Styling (Springer Theme) */
.obj_article_summary {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--sn-border) !important;
  border-radius: 6px !important;
  padding: 24px !important;
  margin-bottom: 20px !important;
  box-shadow: var(--sn-shadow-sm) !important;
  transition: all 0.2s ease !important;
}
.obj_article_summary:hover {
  border-color: #cbd5e1 !important;
  box-shadow: var(--sn-shadow-md) !important;
}
.obj_article_summary .title,
.obj_article_summary h2.title,
.obj_article_summary h3.title {
  font-family: var(--sn-font-serif) !important;
  font-size: 22px !important;
  line-height: 1.35 !important;
  margin: 0 0 10px 0 !important;
  border: none !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
}
.obj_article_summary .title a {
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
}
.obj_article_summary .title a:hover {
  color: var(--sn-blue) !important;
  text-decoration: underline !important;
}
.obj_article_summary .meta {
  font-size: 14px !important;
  color: #475569 !important;
  margin-bottom: 12px !important;
}
.obj_article_summary .authors {
  font-weight: 500 !important;
  color: #334155 !important;
}
.obj_article_summary .published {
  font-size: 13px !important;
  color: #94a3b8 !important;
  margin-top: 4px !important;
}
.obj_article_summary .galleys_links {
  list-style: none !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  margin: 14px 0 0 0 !important;
  display: flex !important;
  gap: 10px !important;
}
.obj_article_summary .galleys_links li {
  list-style: none !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
}
.obj_galley_link {
  display: inline-flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  gap: 6px !important;
  background: var(--sn-cyan) !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  padding: 6px 16px !important;
  border-radius: 9999px !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  font-size: 12px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  text-transform: uppercase !important;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;
  transition: background 0.15s ease !important;
}
.obj_galley_link:hover {
  background: var(--sn-navy) !important;
}

/* Native OJS Article Details Page (Springer Layout) */
.page_article .pkp_structure_main {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  padding: 40px !important;
}
.page_article h1.page_title {
  font-family: var(--sn-font-serif) !important;
  font-size: 34px !important;
  line-height: 1.25 !important;
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  margin: 0 0 16px 0 !important;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sn-border-light) !important;
  padding-bottom: 16px !important;
}
.page_article .authors {
  font-size: 16px !important;
  color: #334155 !important;
  font-weight: 500 !important;
  margin-bottom: 16px !important;
}
.page_article .doi {
  display: inline-block !important;
  background: #e0f2fe !important;
  color: #0369a1 !important;
  padding: 4px 12px !important;
  border-radius: 4px !important;
  font-size: 13px !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  margin-bottom: 24px !important;
}
.page_article .doi a {
  color: #0369a1 !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}
.page_article .item.abstract {
  background: #f8fafc !important;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--sn-cyan) !important;
  border-radius: 4px !important;
  padding: 24px !important;
  margin: 28px 0 !important;
}
.page_article .item.abstract h2 {
  font-family: var(--sn-font-sans) !important;
  font-size: 18px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  margin: 0 0 12px 0 !important;
  border: none !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  text-transform: uppercase !important;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;
}
.page_article .item.abstract p {
  font-size: 15px !important;
  line-height: 1.75 !important;
  color: #334155 !important;
}
.page_article .item.galleys .obj_galley_link {
  background: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  padding: 12px 28px !important;
  border-radius: 9999px !important;
  font-size: 14px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(0, 43, 73, 0.25) !important;
}
.page_article .item.galleys .obj_galley_link:hover {
  background: var(--sn-blue) !important;
}

/* 6. Springer Nature Link 4-Column Academic Footer */
.sn-footer {
  background: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  color: #e2e8f0 !important;
  padding: 60px 0 24px 0 !important;
  margin-top: 60px !important;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--sn-cyan) !important;
  font-size: 14px !important;
  display: block !important;
}
.sn-footer-grid {
  display: grid !important;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr) !important;
  gap: 36px !important;
  margin-bottom: 48px !important;
}
.sn-footer-heading {
  font-family: var(--sn-font-serif) !important;
  font-size: 18px !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  margin: 0 0 18px 0 !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15) !important;
  padding-bottom: 8px !important;
}
.sn-footer-links {
  list-style: none !important;
  list-style-type: none !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
}
.sn-footer-links li {
  margin-bottom: 10px !important;
  list-style: none !important;
  list-style-type: none !important;
}
.sn-footer-links a {
  color: #94a3b8 !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  transition: color 0.15s ease !important;
}
.sn-footer-links a:hover {
  color: #38bdf8 !important;
  padding-left: 4px !important;
}
.sn-footer-brands {
  display: flex !important;
  flex-direction: column !important;
  gap: 8px !important;
  margin-bottom: 16px !important;
}
.sn-brand-pill {
  display: block !important;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.06) !important;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.12) !important;
  color: #e2e8f0 !important;
  padding: 6px 12px !important;
  border-radius: 4px !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  font-size: 13px !important;
  font-weight: 500 !important;
  transition: all 0.2s ease !important;
}
.sn-brand-pill:hover,
.sn-brand-pill.active {
  background: var(--sn-cyan) !important;
  border-color: var(--sn-cyan) !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
}
.sn-footer-oa-notice {
  font-size: 12px !important;
  color: #94a3b8 !important;
  line-height: 1.5 !important;
  background: rgba(0,0,0,0.2) !important;
  padding: 12px !important;
  border-radius: 4px !important;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--sn-cyan) !important;
}
.sn-footer-bottom {
  display: flex !important;
  justify-content: space-between !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  padding-top: 24px !important;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1) !important;
  font-size: 12px !important;
  color: #94a3b8 !important;
}
.sn-footer-copy strong {
  color: #ffffff !important;
}
.sn-footer-legal {
  display: flex !important;
  gap: 16px !important;
}
.sn-footer-legal a {
  color: #94a3b8 !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}
.sn-footer-legal a:hover {
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .sn-footer-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr) !important;
  }
  .sn-hero-strip-inner {
    flex-direction: column !important;
    align-items: flex-start !important;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .sn-footer-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
  }
  .sn-hero-strip-title {
    font-size: 26px !important;
  }
  .sn-hero-strip-meta {
    flex-direction: column !important;
    align-items: flex-start !important;
    gap: 6px !important;
  }
  .sn-footer-bottom {
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 12px !important;
    text-align: center !important;
  }
  .pkp_structure_main {
    padding: 20px !important;
  }
}

/* 7. Comprehensive Native OJS List Resets & Springer Cards */
ul.cmp_article_list,
ul.cmp_article_list.articles,
ul.sn-article-list,
ul.issues_archive,
ul.sn-issues-archive-grid {
  list-style: none !important;
  list-style-type: none !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
}
ul.cmp_article_list > li,
ul.cmp_article_list.articles > li,
ul.sn-article-list > li,
ul.issues_archive > li,
ul.sn-issues-archive-grid > li {
  list-style: none !important;
  list-style-type: none !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
}

/* Section Header in Issue TOC */
.sn-toc-section {
  margin-bottom: 32px !important;
}
.sn-toc-section-header {
  display: flex !important;
  justify-content: space-between !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sn-border) !important;
  padding-bottom: 10px !important;
  margin-bottom: 20px !important;
}
.sn-toc-section-header .sn-section-title {
  font-family: var(--sn-font-sans) !important;
  font-size: 18px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  text-transform: uppercase !important;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;
}
.sn-toc-section-header .sn-section-count {
  font-size: 13px !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  color: var(--sn-cyan) !important;
  background: var(--sn-cyan-light) !important;
  padding: 3px 10px !important;
  border-radius: 9999px !important;
}

/* Article Card in TOC / Latest Articles */
.sn-article-card {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--sn-border) !important;
  border-radius: 8px !important;
  padding: 24px !important;
  margin-bottom: 20px !important;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.04) !important;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease !important;
}
.sn-article-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px) !important;
  border-color: #cbd5e1 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0, 43, 73, 0.08) !important;
}
.sn-article-header-meta {
  display: flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  gap: 10px !important;
  margin-bottom: 10px !important;
}
.sn-article-type {
  font-size: 11px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  text-transform: uppercase !important;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;
  color: var(--sn-blue) !important;
}
.sn-badge-oa-small {
  font-size: 11px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  color: #15803d !important;
  background: #dcfce7 !important;
  padding: 2px 8px !important;
  border-radius: 4px !important;
}
.sn-article-title {
  font-family: var(--sn-font-serif) !important;
  font-size: 22px !important;
  line-height: 1.35 !important;
  margin: 0 0 10px 0 !important;
  border: none !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
}
.sn-article-title a {
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
}
.sn-article-title a:hover {
  color: var(--sn-blue) !important;
  text-decoration: underline !important;
}
.sn-article-authors {
  font-size: 14px !important;
  font-weight: 500 !important;
  color: #475569 !important;
  margin-bottom: 12px !important;
}
.sn-article-abstract {
  font-size: 14px !important;
  line-height: 1.65 !important;
  color: #334155 !important;
  margin: 0 0 16px 0 !important;
}
.sn-article-footer-row {
  display: flex !important;
  justify-content: space-between !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  flex-wrap: wrap !important;
  gap: 12px !important;
  padding-top: 14px !important;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--sn-border-light) !important;
}
.sn-article-meta {
  font-size: 13px !important;
  color: #64748b !important;
}
.sn-doi-tag {
  color: var(--sn-cyan) !important;
}

/* Issue Archive Grid & Cards */
.sn-archive-header {
  margin-bottom: 32px !important;
  padding-bottom: 16px !important;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sn-border) !important;
}
.sn-page-title {
  font-family: var(--sn-font-serif) !important;
  font-size: 32px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  margin: 0 0 8px 0 !important;
}
.sn-page-subtitle {
  font-size: 15px !important;
  color: var(--sn-text-muted) !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
}
.sn-issues-archive-grid {
  display: grid !important;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(360px, 1fr)) !important;
  gap: 24px !important;
}
.sn-issue-card {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--sn-border) !important;
  border-radius: 8px !important;
  overflow: hidden !important;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.04) !important;
  display: flex !important;
  flex-direction: column !important;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease !important;
}
.sn-issue-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 43, 73, 0.1) !important;
  border-color: #cbd5e1 !important;
}
.sn-issue-cover img {
  width: 100% !important;
  max-height: 220px !important;
  object-fit: cover !important;
  display: block !important;
}
.sn-issue-info {
  padding: 24px !important;
  display: flex !important;
  flex-direction: column !important;
  flex-grow: 1 !important;
}
.sn-issue-badge {
  font-size: 11px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  text-transform: uppercase !important;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;
  color: var(--sn-cyan) !important;
  margin-bottom: 8px !important;
}
.sn-issue-title {
  font-family: var(--sn-font-serif) !important;
  font-size: 22px !important;
  line-height: 1.3 !important;
  margin: 0 0 6px 0 !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
}
.sn-issue-title a {
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}
.sn-issue-title a:hover {
  color: var(--sn-blue) !important;
  text-decoration: underline !important;
}
.sn-issue-series {
  font-size: 14px !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  color: #475569 !important;
  margin-bottom: 8px !important;
}
.sn-issue-pubdate {
  font-size: 13px !important;
  color: #64748b !important;
  margin-bottom: 12px !important;
}
.sn-issue-desc {
  font-size: 14px !important;
  color: #334155 !important;
  line-height: 1.6 !important;
  margin-bottom: 20px !important;
}
.sn-issue-actions {
  margin-top: auto !important;
  padding-top: 14px !important;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--sn-border-light) !important;
}
.sn-btn-view-issue {
  display: inline-block !important;
  color: var(--sn-blue) !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  font-size: 14px !important;
  transition: padding-left 0.15s ease !important;
}
.sn-btn-view-issue:hover {
  padding-left: 4px !important;
  text-decoration: underline !important;
}

/* 8. Comprehensive Aims & Scope Springer Styling */
.sn-aims-block {
  margin-bottom: 28px !important;
}
.sn-aims-list {
  list-style: none !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  margin: 14px 0 0 0 !important;
  display: flex !important;
  flex-direction: column !important;
  gap: 10px !important;
}
.sn-aims-list li {
  position: relative !important;
  padding-left: 24px !important;
  font-size: 15px !important;
  line-height: 1.6 !important;
  color: #334155 !important;
}
.sn-aims-list li::before {
  content: "✓" !important;
  position: absolute !important;
  left: 0 !important;
  top: 0 !important;
  color: var(--sn-cyan) !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  font-size: 14px !important;
}

.sn-scope-grid {
  display: grid !important;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr) !important;
  gap: 20px !important;
  margin: 20px 0 28px 0 !important;
}
.sn-scope-card {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--sn-border) !important;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--sn-navy) !important;
  border-radius: 6px !important;
  padding: 20px !important;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03) !important;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease !important;
}
.sn-scope-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(0, 43, 73, 0.06) !important;
}
.sn-scope-num {
  display: inline-block !important;
  font-size: 11px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  text-transform: uppercase !important;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;
  color: var(--sn-cyan) !important;
  margin-bottom: 6px !important;
}
.sn-scope-card-title {
  font-family: var(--sn-font-sans) !important;
  font-size: 17px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  margin: 0 0 10px 0 !important;
  border: none !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
}
.sn-scope-card-list {
  list-style: none !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  display: flex !important;
  flex-direction: column !important;
  gap: 6px !important;
}
.sn-scope-card-list li {
  position: relative !important;
  padding-left: 16px !important;
  font-size: 13.5px !important;
  line-height: 1.5 !important;
  color: #475569 !important;
}
.sn-scope-card-list li::before {
  content: "•" !important;
  position: absolute !important;
  left: 4px !important;
  top: 0 !important;
  color: var(--sn-blue) !important;
  font-size: 14px !important;
}

.sn-audience-box {
  background: #f1f5f9 !important;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--sn-blue) !important;
  border-radius: 4px !important;
  padding: 18px 24px !important;
  margin: 24px 0 28px 0 !important;
}
.sn-audience-title {
  font-family: var(--sn-font-sans) !important;
  font-size: 15px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  color: var(--sn-navy) !important;
  margin: 0 0 10px 0 !important;
  text-transform: uppercase !important;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;
}
.sn-audience-tags {
  display: flex !important;
  flex-wrap: wrap !important;
  gap: 8px !important;
}
.sn-audience-tag {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #1e293b !important;
  padding: 5px 14px !important;
  border-radius: 9999px !important;
  font-size: 13px !important;
  font-weight: 500 !important;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .sn-scope-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
  }
}